Contemporary Works in Economic Sciences Legal Informatics, Economics, OR and Mathematics

Series
Series of Monographs of Contemporary Social Systems Solutions; volume 7
Author
Munenori Kitahara & Hiroaki Teramoto eds.
Price
5,000 yen (excl. tax)
ISBN
978-4-7985-0179-6
Format
19.1 x 1.4 x 26.4 cm (7.5 x 0.6 x 10.4 inches), Hardback, 130 pages
Published
February 2016
Order
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Introduction

　This book contains contributions from wide variety of research in information society,
information sciences, economic sciences, systems approach to the economic, managerial,
mathematical and legal subjects. The focus of most articles is on the recent developments in the relevant. The set of papers in this book reflect both each theory and wide range of applications to economic and managerial models. The economic sciences is based upon an interdisciplinary education and research area of sciences economics, econometrics, statistics, information sciences, system sciences, application information sciences, operations research and legal informatics.
　This book consists of six chapters as follows:
Chapter 1, by Munenori Kitahara, refers to an audit for compliance in an electronic commerce. Legal states would require the residents and the entities of both lawful individual behaviors and business activities. The residents could receive online administrative, financial, commercial and educational services from the Web 24/7 on the Internet or the Cloud. It goes without saying that the entities have been developed the enterprises on the based upon the hi-powered information processing systems on the Internet or the Cloud.
　Therefore, the systems should guarantee both the legality of behaviors and the compliance of enterprises. That is a problem of system architecture. That is, the systems have to be equipped with an architecture which can guarantee the legality and the compliance.
　The architecture can be defined based on the ideas of “privacy by design,&rdqup; “security by default,” and “IAM (identity and access management).” The concept is that the various requirements of laws, regulations and policies could be reached by an engineering method. That is, the systems would be designed upon those requirements. In other words, the requirements would be embedded into the architecture of systems.
　To protect system, application, and information from internal and external threats and to comply with various regulatory, privacy and data protection requirements, organizations implement industry standard frameworks. IAM is as much an aspect of architecture as it is a collection of information technology components processes, and standard practices. As much as cloud IAM architecture and practices impact the efficiency of internal IT processes, they also play a major role in managing compliance within the enterprise.
　There are left some unsolved problems. The one is a relationship between law and information technology. In fact, information technologies would control human’s behaviors in spite of human’s intention. The other is that whether it is right or not, that legal justice would be maintained by information technologies.
　Chapter 2, by Chris Czerkawski and Osamu Kurihara, will deal with the macroeconomic policies of the present prime minister. That is, this chapter is on macroeconomic policies known as Abenomics implemented in Japanese economy under so-called three arrows policy. The paper summarizes the nature of Japanese economic crisis, the instruments implemented to foster economic growth and stimulate demand, the empirical consequences of the measures applied in the last ten years. The effectiveness of these measures is discussed in context of economic theories of crisis, the empirical results confirmed by statistics and in international comparative context. The failures and shortcomings of these policies are presented and conclusions drawn on existing potential for resolving the crisis.
　Chapter 3, by Hiroaki Teramoto will research on health economics. This chapter introduces and considers three representative articles on health economics, particularly medical expenditure. A consumer’s behavior is affected by his or her level of health. If one’s health declines (illness), the consumer changes his or her behavior. In industrialized countries or aging societies, overall expenditure for medical care is increasing and becoming an imminent problem. The field of economics has a significant amount of research on this field, some of which was reviewed for this study. The first two studies on cost-effective analysis were by Garber and Phelps, and Meltzer. The third study is the work of Graff Zivin and Neidell, who analyzed the effects of medical care when environmental pollution occurs. These three works depend on the consumer’s (expected) utility maximization. The author believes that these three studies are pioneering in their field and deserve introduction and consideration.
　Chapter 4, by Nan Zhang will examine the theoretical framework of global flow of funds. The main purpose of this chapter is a trial to measure Global Flow of Funds (GFF), it includes four portions. Firstly, the paper will give a definition on GFF, based on the definition to decide the statistical domains of GFF, and build a statistical monitoring system for GFF using economic concepts and theoretical frameworks. Secondly, the paper sets out the concepts and existing data sources and integrates the data sources for measure GFF which are reflected in the Balance of Payments, International Investment Position (IIP), the Coordinated Direct Investment Survey (CDIS), the Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey (CPIS), Consolidated Banking Statistics (CBS), and in the “rest-of-the-world” account of the national accounts. These datasets provide valuable information for the analysis of GFF. Thirdly, The Balance Sheet Approach is used to break down the rest of the world by components of IIP. An external statistics’ matrix (metadata) exercise shows what external sector financial data are available by IIP concept. As the outcome of the study, this paper compiled Global Flow of Find Matrix with the pattern of “Country by Country” matrix. Fourthly, as well as an example illustrating how the GFF matrix operates.
　Chapter 5, by Setsuko Sakai and Tetsuyuki Takahama will research on detecting ridge structure for population-based optimization algorithms. There exist many studies on solving optimization problems using population-based optimization algorithms (POAs). POAs such as evolutionary algorithms have been proved to be powerful function optimization algorithms and outperform conventional optimization algorithms. However, there exist some difficult optimization problems such as problems with ridge structure. In problems with ridge structure, search points will move through a narrow path to find better points, the diversity of search points will be lost, and the search process will be slowed down or even be stopped at a local solution. If ridge structure can be detected, the efficiency and robustness of the search process can be improved by selecting proper algorithm parameters to keep the diversity. In this study, we propose three methods of detecting ridge structure and also propose a method of controlling algorithm parameters adaptively for ridge structure. The performances of the methods are compared by optimizing several functions with controlling algorithm parameters.
　Chapter 6, by Ryogo Wada and Yoshio Agaoka will deal with harmonic polynomials of more degree. Concerning classical harmonic polynomials on Cp, many results have been obtained from several standpoints. For example, Kostant-Rallis treated this subject from the Lie algebraic viewpoint, and considered the classical harmonic polynomials on Cp as polynomials on some specific vector space, which is canonically associated with the Lie algebra 𝔰𝔬(p, 1). In the series of papers we further investigate harmonic polynomials from their standpoint for the Lie algebras 𝔰𝔲(p, 1), 𝔰𝔭(p, 1) and 𝔣4(-20). In particular in the previous paper we considered harmonic olynomials for the real rank 2 case 𝔰𝔬(p, 2), and obtained the formula of irreducible de
composition in the character level. In this paper we explain a method to decompose the space of harmonic polynomials into irreducible factors, and we explicitly give its decomposition for low degree cases.

Contents

Preface
 
Chapter 1　Audit and Compliance through Proactive Engineering Method　　Munenori Kitahara
 
　1．Introduction
　2．The Clowd 24/7
　3．Guarantee of Legality through Technology
　4．Audit and Compliance
　5．Information Systems and Regulations
　6．Compliance through Information Technology
　7．Architecture and Security Standard of Information Technology
　8．Conclusion
 
Chapter 2　Some Notes on Macroeconomic Policies: Abenomics in Japan　　Chris Czerkawski and Osamu Kurihara
 
　1．Introduction
　2．Three Arrows of Abenomics
　3．Abenomics and the Empirical Responses
　4．Why Abenomics May Not Be a Proper Policy for Japanese Economic Problems?
 
Chapter 3　Health and Consumer Behavior　　Hiroaki Teramoto
 
　1．Introduction
　2．Analysis of Cost-effectiveness in Medical Care
　3．Pollution and Health Production
　4．Conclusion
 
Chapter 4　Measuring Global Flow of Funds: Theoretical Framework, Data Sources and Approaches　　Nan Zhang
 
　1．Introduction
　2．An Integrated Framework for Global Flow of Funds
　3．The Data Sources for Global Flow of Funds
　4．Global Flow of Funds Matrix on a From-Whom-to-Whom Basis
　5．An Example for Setting up a Global Flow of Funds Matrix
　6．Concluding Remarks
 
Chapter 5　A Comparative Study on Detecting Ridge Structure for Population-Based Optimization Algorithms　　Setsuko Sakai and Tetsuyuki Takahama
 
　1．Introduction
　2．Related Works
　3．Detecting Ridge Structure
　4．Differential Evolution with Detecting Ridge Structure
　5．Numerical Experiments
　6．Conclusion
 
Chapter 6　Explicit Irreducible Decomposition of Harmonic Polynomials in the Case of 𝔰𝔬(p, 2)　　Ryoko Wada and Yoshio Agaoka
 
　1．Introduction
　2．Preliminaries
　3．Irreducible Decomposition of Sn
　4．An Algorithm to Obtain the Explicit Irreducible Decomposition
　5．Tables of Generators of Sn and n for n ≤ 5
　6．Reproducing Formulas of the Principal Part of Irreducible Subspaces of n for n ≤ 5
 
Contributors

Author

Munenori KITAHARA, Professor, Hiroshima Shudo University
　Munenori Kitahara (LL.M) is Professor of legal informatics (Rechtsinformatik) at the Faculty of Economic Sciences and the Graduate School of Economic Sciences in Hiroshima Shudo University, Japan. He lectures “Research on Information Society,” “Legal Informatics,” and “Personal Data Protection Management System.” He was a guest professor at the Legal Informatics Institute of Hannover University in Germany (1999-2000).
　He was a research member of legal expert systems (Legal Expert System Les-2, Lecture Note in Computer Science, No.264, Springer Verlag 1987). He is also a member of IVR. He presented several papers: “The Impact of the Computer on the Interpretation of Law (ARSP Beiheft 39, 1991), “Personal Data Processing and Business Ethics”(IVR 22nd World Congress, Granada, Spain 2005), “Ethics of Cyberspace: Information Ethics and Information Moral” (IVR 23rd World Congress, Krakow, Poland 2007), “The Right to Data Protection in Digital Society” (IVR 24th World Congress, Beijin, China 2009), “The Fusion of Law and Information Technology” and “Law and Technology Security Standard” (IVR 25th World Congress, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2011), “The Information Society Law in Japan” (The 3rd International Seminar on Information Law 2010, Ionian University, Corfu, Greece). “The Information Society Law : The Fusion of Law and Information Technology” (The 5th International Conference on Information Law and Ethics 2012, Ionian University, Corfu). “Law and Technology: The Fusion of Law and Information Technology” and “Law and Technology: Legal Justice through Deploying Information Technology in Law” (IVR 26th World Congress, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 2013). He also published a paper titled “Legal Justice through the Fusion of Law and Information Technology” (Legal Informatics, Economic Science and Mathematical Research, Kyushu Univ. Press 2014). “Law and Technology: Regulations Compliance through Deploying Information Technology”(IVR 27th World Congress, Washington D.C. 2015).
　His latest research is “Systematizing and Networking Information Society Law.” The legal system consists of twelve legal groups and some fifty acts which have been related to information, information devices and information networks. He also proposes networking the legal system, and the fusion of law and information technology. He is researching on realizing a legal justice through using information technology.

Chris CZERKAWSKI, Professor, Hiroshima Shudo University
　Professor of International Finance, Graduate School of Economic Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University. Published in the area of International Capital Markets, Foreign Exchange Economics, Corporate Finance in journals in Japan, Australia and the USA.

Osamu KURIHARA, Professor, Hiroshima Kokusai Gakuin University
　Osamu Kurihara was educated at Meiji Gakuin University, Hiroshima University and Hiroshima Shudo University, where he completed his PhD. He joined Hiroshima Kokusai Gakuin University as a Professor in 2006. He lectures Macroeconomics and International Economics in the University.
　His research interests are Balance of Payments, Exchange rates and capital flows, currently and historically. He has been a director in Japan Academy for International Trade and Business from 2009.

Hiroaki TERAMOTO, Hiroshima Shudo University
　He received his Master degree in Economics from Hitotsubashi University in 1972. Since 1989, he has been teaching Hiroshima Shudo University as a professor. His main teaching experiences include Modern Economics (1975~1997), Consumption Economics (1997~) at Hiroshima Shudo University. His special fields of study are consumer behavior and entrepreneur behavior. His major publications are as follows; “Productivity in Consumption ― The Application of Household Production Function Approach―”, Hitotsubashi Ronsou, 1986, Vol.95, №5, pp.661-676; “Intergenerational Transfer of Income and Wealth”, Keizai Kagaku Kenkyu, 1998, Vol.2, №1, pp.91-112; “External Effects of Consumption and Economic Development”, Keizai Kagaku Kenkyu, 2007, Vol.10, №2, pp.39-56; “The Economic Analysis of Altruistic Consumer Behavior”, in S. Hiraki and N. Chang (eds.), The New Viewpoints and New Solutions of Economic Sciences in the Information Society, Kyushu Univ. Press, 2011, pp.13-25.

Nan ZHANG, Professor, Hiroshima Shudo University
　He is a professor of statistics in the Faculty of Economic Sciences. He received his Ph.D in Economics from Ritsumeikan University in 1993, has ever taught in Beijing University of Economics (1983-1989) and Peking University (1994-1995), and has been working in Hiroshima Shudo University since 1995. He has ever worked and working as visiting scholar in East Asian Institute at Columbia University (2001-2002), the Department of Statistics at University of California, Berkeley (2007-2008), and the Department of Statistics at Stanford University (2014-2015). He also has been named the Technical Assistance Expert by the Statistics Department of the IMF since 2008. His research focuses on Global Flow of Funds Analysis, Economic Statistics and Monetary & Financial Statistics. His major publications are as follows. The Flow of Funds Analysis in Theory and Practice: Statistical Observations on the Flow of Funds in China (Peking University Press, 2014); The Global Flow of Funds Analysis in Theory and Application (Minerva Shobo, 2005); The Basic and Application of Statistics (Chuokeizai-sha, Inc.,1999); and many papers published in such journals as Quantitative & Technical Economics, Statistical Research, Journal of Data Analysis, Statistics etc.

Setsuko SAKAI, Professor, Hiroshima Shudo University
　Setsuko Sakai graduated from the Faculty of Education, Fukui University, 1979. She finished her doctoral course of Informatics and Mathematical Science at Osaka University in 1984. She became a lecturer at the College of Business Administration and Information Science, Koshien University, in 1986, and then an associate professor of the Faculty of Education, Fukui University, in 1990. Since 1998, she has been with the Faculty of Commercial Sciences of Hiroshima Shudo University, where she is a professor in the Department of Business Administration. She is currently working on game theory, decision making, fuzzy mathematical programming, optimization of fuzzy control by genetic algorithms and CAI. She is a member of the Operations Research Society of Japan, Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics, and the Japan Society for Production Management. She holds a D.Eng.degree. She has published papers such as “Tuning fuzzy control rules by α constrained method which solves constrained nonlinear optimization problems”(1999 ) and “Reducing the Number of Function Evaluations in Differential Evolution by Estimated Comparison Method using an Approximation Model with Low Accuracy”(2008) in The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, “Fast and Stable Constrained Optimization by the Constrained Differential Evolution”, in Pacific Journal of Optimization (2009) and so on. She has also published papers in such journals as IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Journal of Optimization Theory and its Applications, Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence etc.

Tetsuyuki TAKAHAMA, Professor, Hiroshima City University
　Tetsuyuki Takahama graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering II, Kyoto University, in 1982. He finished his doctoral course in 1987. He became an assistant professor, and then a lecturer, at Fukui University in 1994. Since 1998, he has been with the Faculty of Information Science of Hiroshima City University, where he is an associate professor in the Department of Intelligent Systems. He is currently working on nonlinear optimization methods, learning of fuzzy control rules, machine learning, inference, CAI, and natural language processing. He is a member of the Information Processing Society of Japan, the Japan Society for Artificial Intelligence, the Japanese Society of Information and Systems in Education, the Association for Natural Language Processing and IEEE. He holds a D.Eng.degree. He has published papers such as “Structural Optimization by Genetic Algorithm with Degeneration (GAd)”, in The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (2003), “Constrained Optimization by Applying the α Constrained Method to the Nonlinear Simplex Method with Mutations”, in IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation (2005), “Efficient Constrained Optimization by the Constrained Differential Evolution Using an Approximation Model with Low Accuracy”, in Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (2009) and so on. He has also published papers in such journals as Information Processing Society of Japan Journal, International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems etc.

Ryoko WADA, Professor, Hiroshima Shudo University
　Ryoko Wada is a Professor at the Faculty and Graduate School of Economic Sciences of Hiroshima Shudo University. She received the Doctor Degree of Science from Sophia University, Japan, in 1988. Her major research areas are harmonic analysis on homogeneous spaces. Especially she is engaged in topics on integral representations of harmonic polynomials. She also presented at a paper titled “Fantappié Transformations of Analytic Functionals on the Truncated Complex Sphere”, M.Kitahara/K.Morioka (eds.), Social Systems Solutions by Legal Informatics, Economic Sciences and Computer Sciences, Kyushu Univ. Press (2010).

Yoshio AGAOKA, Professor, Hiroshima University
　Yoshio Agaoka is a Professor at the Graduate School of Science of Hiroshima University. He graduated from Kyoto University (Faculty of Science) in 1977, and entered the Graduate School of Science, received the Doctor Degree of Science from Kyoto University in 1985. His major research areas are Differential Geometry, Representation Theory and Discrete Geometry. Especially he is engaged in topics on local isometric imbeddings of Riemannian symmetric spaces, decomposition formula of plethysms and classification of tilings of the two-dimensional sphere, etc. Recently, he is mainly engaged in the subject on elementary geometry from the viewpoint of classical invariant theory.

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